Biomass is organic matter of vegetable or animal origin. These are (dead or living) bodies of all organisms – i.e. animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and cyanobacteria. Biomass can be obtained as waste from agriculture, industry, forestry, food industry, such as municipal waste, or arises as the result of deliberate production activities (growing trees and plants). Biomass includes materials such as wood chips, shavings, sawdust, wood waste pellets, briquettes, straw or herbs.
Biomass can be “dry” (e.g. wood) or “wet” (e.g. manure – liquid and solid livestock manure mixed with water). The basic processing technology is divided into dry and wet processes. The dry process (thermochemical conversion) includes incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The wet process (biochemical conversion) includes anaerobic digestion (methane fermentation), alcohol fermentation and the production of bio hydrogen. There is also a special subset of oil extraction and subsequent treatment, which is essentially a mechanical-chemical conversion (e.g. production of biodiesel and natural lubricants).
SMART BOILERS OPERATING DATA | |||||||||||
Technical data of the boiler | |||||||||||
Marking | 150 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 | |
Nominal power Pn | kW | 150 | 180 | 199 | 220 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
Partial load (power) Pp | kW | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 90 | 100 | 115 | 140 |
Boiler efficiency at Pn | % | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 | >95 |
Boiler class | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Water | |||||||||||
Water volume | l | 380 | 420 | 460 | 460 | 500 | 690 | 740 | 790 | 850 | 900 |
Diameter of water connection | “ | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Diameter of water connection | DN | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Hydraulic-pressure drop of the boiler at the temperature fall 20° |
mbar | 65 | 73 | 80 | 80 | 87 | 95 | 102 | 110 | 122 | 130 |
Boiler temperature | °C | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° | 60–90° |
Minimal temperature of returnable water | °C | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
Maximal operational pressure | bar | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 |
Test pressure | bar | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 6,5 |
Temperature of furnace | °C | 900–1100 | |||||||||
Pressure of furmace | mbar | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 | -0,04 |
Required draught of the chimney | mbar | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
Requirement for the forced draught | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Combustion temperature at Pn | °C | 96,6 | 97,2 | 104,9 | 98 | 96,6 | 99,6 | 99,3 | 98,9 | 98,2 | 97,2 |
Combustion temperature at Pp | °C | 63,1 | 63,1 | 72,4 | 63,1 | 63,1 | 63,1 | 62,9 | 62,7 | 62,4 | 62,2 |
Diameter of flue gas duct | mm | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 220 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
Diameter of chimney | mm | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 350 |
Fuel clasification according to norm EN 14961 | |||||||||||
Wood pellets – C1 | Tested fuel |
D6, M10, A1,5, DU90,0 | |||||||||
Wood chips – B1 | P45, M30, A3.0 |
Calorific value – specifies the energy resulting from fuel combustion per unit of fuel (usually 1 kg) of fuel to produce combustion products that contain water in the form of steam.
Combustion heat – there is so much heat that the unit burns fuel to produce combustion products and it is assumed that water released by combustion condenses (e.g. condensing heat in condensing boilers). Gross calorific value is always greater than or equal to the calorific value.
Efficiency – the ratio between supplied and consumed energy [%]
η = P / Q [%]
η … efficiency, dimensionless, or in %
P … boiler output [kW]
Q … boiler heat input [kW]
Conversion
1 GJ = 1000 MJ
1 GJ = 277.78 kWh
1 GJ = 238 846 kcal
1 kg – wood pellets – 16.5 to 18.5 MJ = 4.6 to 5.1 kWh
1 kg – brown coal – 10.5 to 17.2 MJ = 2.9 to 4.8 kWh
1 kg – chips with 10% humidity = 16.4 MJ = 4.6 kWh
1 kg – chips with 20% humidity = 14.3 MJ = 4.0 kWh
1 kg – chips with 30% humidity = 12.2 MJ = 3.4 kWh
1 kg – chips with 40% humidity = 10.1 MJ = 2.8 kWh
1 m3 – natural gas = 37.82 MJ = 10.5 kWh